1. Lectures
2. Online tutorials
3. Practical(s)
4. Assignment(s)
5. Presentation(s)

1. Comparative study of structured & object-oriented programming techniques;
2. abstraction, objects, classes,
3. inheritance, polymorphism,
4. abstract vs. concrete classes,
5. constructors and destructors
6. OOP language such as C++, Java
7. Applications to surveying problems

C

• This is great if you need to code a device driver, not great if you need to create a web application
• GIS project written in C; GDAL

C++

• Majority software are written in C++ - Portable
• It's preferable to most companies to develop applications
• GIS softwares written in C++; GRASS GIS, QGIS (+python)
• Most GPS receivers firmware are written in C++
• C++ is a certainly good language to know

GIS scripting and applications (Python, R)

Data processing, analysis, and modeling (Python, R)

Web mapping (JavaScript, Python)

Geospatial databases (SQL, NoSQL)

Map Servers (Java, C#, .NET, C++)

GIS heavy-weight development (Java, C/C++, C#)

Mobile development (Android, iOS, JavaScript)

Geospatial libraries (JavaScript, Python, Java, R, C/C++)

The 3 cornerstones of Object Oriented Programming (OOP);

• Encapsulation,
• Inheritance and,
• Polymorphism

An array is a compound type that defines a sequence of data items of the same type

Array Attributes

• Type
1. The type of all data items in an array must be the same; the array type is the type of the elements
2. For example, we can have an int array, a double array, a char array, and a Circle array
• Capacity
1. This is the maximum number of elements an array can hold
2. This attribute is either a literal or a constant value that cannot be changed after the array is declared
3. For constant & literal, use uppercase

• Size
1. Array size defines the number of valid elements at each moment

Array declaration/definition gives an array a name, sets the type of the elements, sets the capacity of the array, and allocates memory locations for the array

The array elements are referenced using zero indexing

The index starts from [0] and goes to [CAPACITY - 1]

To store and retrieve an element of an array

Bitbucket: Arrays

Home: Arrays

A two-dimensional array defines a structured data type in which two indices are used to define the location of elements in rows and columns

The 1st index defines the row; the 2nd index defines the column

int scores [5][3] = {{82,65,72},{73,70,80},{91,76,40},{72,72,68},{65,90,80}};

Bitbucket: Arrays

Home: Arrays

C++ supports three dimension arrays

But, arrays with more than three dimensions are rare

Queries about this Lesson, please send them to: jmwaura@jkuat.ac.ke

*References*

• C++ Programming - An Object-Oriented Approach, 2019 Behrouz, Richard et.al
• Accelerated C++ - Practical Programming by Example, 2000 Andrew, Barbara et.al